What is UPS?
Uninterruptible Power System is abbreviated as UPS. The function of UPS is to back up power supply when city power is terminated. UPS is not only having the function of power back up but also provide a better power quality. Generally speaking, there are five typical types of power problems as follows (See Chart I): 
A. Black-Out 
A total loss of utility supply due to excessive demands on the power grid, storms, lightning strike or nearby construction work and human error results in a catastrophic loss of all current work, possible loss of file allocation table resulting in loss of all data on the hard drive, and the file corruption.
 
B. Sags
A short term decrease in voltage which results in the computer being starved of power. This can be caused by the start-up power demands of lifts, electronic motors and other nearby industrial equipment causing keyboards to lock up, PC's to reboot, operating system crashes and data corruption.
 
C. Surge
A short-term increase in voltage as extra voltage from lifts, electronic motors, etc. is dissipated through the mains. This can cause components to be put under stress decreasing both the reliability and working life of your equipment. Permanent damage to components can occur leading to lost productivity while repair or replacement occurs.
 
D. Spike
An instantaneous dramatic rise in voltage often caused by damage to power lines or lightning strikes nearby causing catastrophic damage to hardware such as damaged motherboards fractured hard drives and damaged network interface cards.
 
E. Noise
Electro-magnetic interference or radio frequency interference disrupts smooth mains supply causing random errors to be introduced into data files and executable programs. Noise can be generated by lighting, industrial equipment, lifts, and other cables nearby.
In general, there are three types of UPSes which offer different levels of support and protection. Optional software is available to provide automatic, unattented shut-down of file servers and workstations.
Off Line UPS
A off-line UPS will filter noise, surges and spikes from the utility power before passing it to the load. The battery which stands off-line (and therefore does not see the normal utility power) is charged on a required basis. When power failure is detected switch is activated and the power is supplied from the battery
 
Line Interactive UPS
Line Interactive UPS combine some of the advantages of stand by units with those of on line units. Normal power passes through the noise filters and surge suppressors before going into an inverter, part of which is on-line all the time. The inverter acts as a battery charger under normal conditions but on power failure will provide battery back-up.
 
On Line UPS
With On-Line systems the input current passes through their major components all the time. A steady nominal output is obtained and if the line falls or goes outside of the input limits, the battery will instantly carry on delivering power to the load. 

 

UPS是什麼
    不斷電系統的英文名稱是 Uninterruptible Power System 取其字母縮寫為UPS, 不斷電系統顧名思義就是當停電時能接替市電持續供應電力的設備。

    以電腦為例, 如果未使用UPS當市電發生異常將造成電腦當機甚至造成硬體故障到時維修費用無法預期而存在硬碟的資料將部份流失，此項損失將無法彌補

因此為你的設備添購UPS就如同購買保險有備無患。

大至上，UPS 可以解決下列電力問題 (請參照圖)

A.停電 (Black Out) 
    由於過度的電力需求或暴風雨、地震、閃電、施工不當及人為因素造成電力供給的完全中斷、停電造成嚴重的電腦作業中斷寶貴資料流失。 
B.電壓不足 (Sag)
    短暫的電壓不足可能造成電腦的自動重開機 (Reboot)、鍵盤的鎖住 (lock up)， 作業系統損壞及資料流失。電壓不足由下列原因造成: 

a. 升降梯起動時大量電力需求。 

b. 電動馬達啟動時。

c. 用電戶臨近的工業設備起啟動時。
C. 突 波 (Surge)
    當多餘的電壓從升降梯或電動馬達，經由插座釋放造成短時間電壓提升此種狀況稱做突波。突波能導致電子元件承受別於一般情況的高壓，造成使用設備工作壽命的縮短及可靠度的降低，設備內的電子元件永久損壞須採取維修或更新的動作，直接影響生產力造成寶貴作業時間流失。 
D.尖 波 (Spike) 
    因電力線的受損或閃電雷擊造成電壓快速急遽的上升，此種現象稱為尖波。尖波會對電腦設備中的主機板、硬碟及網路介面卡造成十分嚴重的損傷。
 
E. 雜 訊 ( Noise) 
    電磁干擾或收音機頻率干擾平順市電供應導致資料檔案存取或可執行檔案的隨機錯誤，閃電、工業設備，升降梯及鄰近電纜等會造成雜訊。
目前UPS有三大類 :
  1. 離線式不斷電系統(Off-Line of stand by UPS) 
  2. 在線互動式不斷電系統(Line-Interactive UPS)
  3. 在線式不斷電系統(On-Line UPS) 

詳情介紹如下:
一、 離線式不斷電系統(Off-Line UPS)
    您可參考離線式系統方塊圖，平常市電走旁邊的一條路徑(俗稱旁路)直接供電給負載。只有停電時，才由電池提供電力。經逆變器轉換為交流電源提供給負載電力。

特色:

  1. 市電正常時，UPS對市電幾無處理而直接輸出至負載，對 市電雜訊、突波衰減能力差。 
  2. 具轉換時間，保護性最低。 
  3. 結構簡單、體積小、重量輕、控制容易、低成本特性。

 
 
二、在線互動式不斷電系統(Line-Interactive UPS)
    在線互動式UPS平常由旁路經變壓器輸出給負載，逆變器此時做為充電器。當斷電時逆變器則將電池能量轉為交流電輸出負載。 

特色:

  1. 具雙向性轉換器設計，UPS電池回充時間較短。 
  2. 具轉換時間。 
  3. 控制結構複雜，成本較高。 4.保護性介於在線式與離線式UPS之間，對市電雜訊，突波衰減能力差。 

 
 
三、在線式不斷電系統(On-Line UPS)S
    在線式UPS平常由逆變器輸出給負載電力，只有UPS故障、過載或過熱時才會轉為旁路輸出給負載。 

特色: 

  1. 輸出至負載之電力經UPS處理，輸出電源品質最高。 
  2. 無轉換時間。 
  3. 結構複雜，成本較高。 
  4. 保護性最高，對市電雜訊、突波衰減能力最佳。

 

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